What is LPG?

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a fuel that provides energy and is found everywhere in our daily lives as it is used in many household appliances for cooking, heating and hot water. Under medium pressure, LPG is compressed into a liquid and contained in specially designed cylinders or tanks. LPG is usually in liquid form in steel or composite containers ranging in size from small barbecue cylinders to larger gas cylinders and LPG storage tanks.

It is called LPG because it can be easily converted into a liquid. LPG requires only low pressure or refrigeration to transform it from a gaseous state to a liquid state. As a gas, LPG expands to 270 times its volume as a liquid. Therefore, it is logical that LPG is stored and transported as a liquid under pressure in a gas cylinder (e.g. propane tank). When you release some of the pressure in the cylinder by turning on the gas appliance, the LPG turns back into a gaseous vapor.

Almost all uses of LPG involve the use of gas vapors rather than liquefied gas. LPG gas is ignited and burned to provide heat for a variety of applications.

Where Does LPG Come From?

Drilling, processing, transportation, packaging, vaporization, gas regulators and gas appliances themselves are all part of the LPG supply chain. LPG is extracted from oil and gas wells. LPG is usually found in mixtures of other hydrocarbons, such as crude oil and natural gas. Natural gas production and oil extraction are used to make LPG.

Transporting LPG

LPG exists as a gas (vapor) or liquid when stored at moderate pressure in gas lines, cylinders, tanks and wider LPG storage containers. Since gaseous LPG has 270 times the volume of liquid LPG, it is almost always transported in liquid form. Automobiles, railroads, tanker trucks, intermodal containers, cylinder trucks, pipelines and municipal gas reticulation facilities are all options for transporting liquefied petroleum gas (propane).

What is LPG Used For?

First, LPG is used in gas stoves, stove tops, and ovens, as heaters, fireplaces, and gas hot water systems are popular household gas appliances. Clothes dryers that use gasoline are also available. Barbecues, patio heaters, rooftop fireplaces, pizza ovens and fire pits are all types of outdoor gas appliances. Thousands of different commercial and industrial applications exist. Hot air balloons fueled by LPG, some equipment used in ice rinks, and propellant gas used in various aerosol products are just a few of the less common applications.

Composition and Properties of LPG

LPG is composed mainly of propane, butane, isobutane, butylene, propylene and mixtures of these gases.

LPG consists of either a liquid or a gas (vapor), depending on the pressure and LPG gas temperature.

Liquefied natural gas (NGL) has the same LPG components plus some gases not normally contained in LPG. The complete list of NGL components includes: ethane, ethylene, butene, propylene, propylene, isobutylene, butadiene, pentane, pentene and pentane adducts, and propane, butane and isobutane.

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